Trader’s Narrative

Market strategists have drawn a line and taken sides: is gold in a bubble? Jim Rogers and Nouriel Roubini had a verbal smack down via respective media interviews with the former manager of the Quantum Fund being the believer he’s always been in the power of commodities while the prophet of doom and gloom used the “b” word to describe the precious metal.

Now another pair of strategists have taken sides - although not as personal as Rogers and Roubini. Dennis Gartman, believes not only that gold is in a bubble, but that it should be obvious to everyone. But that doesn’t mean he’s necessarily climbing off the trend:

Meanwhile, David Rosenberg featured this chart to argue not only is gold not in a bubble, it is actually “cheap”:

Leaving aside the obvious arithmetic (instead of logarithmic) scale, comparing the S&P 500 index to the price of gold is a non sequitur. This is due to the incessant rise of the equity index, with that itself due to the survival bias built into the constituents that make up the S&P 500 index. And don’t forget a dash of inflation which pumps up stock prices and therefore, stock indexes. So a ratio of gold to equity prices will for the most part look like a ski hill - and be as meaningful.

I’m also puzzled why Rosenberg is so bullish on gold since he has been one of the prescient strategists who has beaten the deflation drum the loudest.

Market Measure of Forward Inflation
Other than the CPI figures from the US government sources, there is a market determined inflation measure. It is the implicit inflation as per the Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS). The TIPS data that I showed back in 2008 is no longer published by the Fed. Thankfully, Bloomberg disseminates a metric based on the nominal forward 5 years minus US inflation-linked bonds forward 5 years. So basically, this is the average inflation that the bond market expects from 2010 to 2015:

Source: Bloomberg

In the final days of last year, inflation expectations were the lowest in a very long time, fallin to just 0.41%. Earlier this month they reached 2.89% but today’s forward inflation expectation was still a muted 2.68%. Clearly, the bond vigilantes are not signaling a runaway inflation debacle in the near term future for the US.

So can it be that gold is in an honest to goodness bubble?

Gold Sentiment
Here are two measures of sentiment for the precious metal. The recent survey of Bloomberg terminal users on their conviction for gold found a remarkable 94% to be bullish.

That is a new record high since the survey started in 2004. Unfortunately, Bloomberg’s survey hasn’t been very good as a contrarian indicator. But it has rarely been above 90%. The closest it has gotten to this level was at the start of the year in January 2009 when it reached 91% bullish. Back then, gold was $900/oz. While there is a short history, the sheer lopsidedness of the recent consensus makes it noteworthy.

Courtesy of Elliott Wave, we get another measure of gold sentiment:

The Daily Sentiment Index (trade-futures.com) has been at, or above 90 percent gold bulls since November 3, a string of 10 straight days. The only other comparable streak of optimism over the past 22 years of data is leading up to the December 2, 2004 gold high when the DSI was at, or above 90 percent for 20 consecutive days. At that time, prices made a high at $458.70, declined over 10 percent, and did not exceed the December 2004 high again for the next 10 months. But during this entire 20 day stretch, optimism never reached the single day extreme that today did, with fully 97 percent of traders optimistic on gold’s future prospects. This time, we expect a larger decline, one that lasts longer too.

A little while ago I tried to separate the effect of the weakness in the US dollar on the price of gold to determine whether gold’s bull market could actually stand on its own: US Dollar’s Weakness or Gold’s Strength?

There is a better index out there to determine this very question. The Kitco Gold Index is the price of gold measured not in terms of US dollars, but rather in terms of the same weighted basket of currencies that determine the US dollar index: Euro (57.6%), Japanese Yen (13.6%), UK Pound (11.9%), Canadian Dollar (9.1%), Swedish Krona (4.2%) and Swiss Franc (3.6%).

So instead of pricing gold in the unit of a US dollar, the chart below charts it in the the same unit that we use to measure the US dollar index:

Source: Kitco Gold Index

This is the one year comparison but you can also see a 5 and 10 year chart (follow above link). These both tell the same tale. There is definitely a bull market in gold. But, it has been aided and abetted to a large degree by the weakness in the US dollar. Seen through the lense of other currencies, the gold bull is much more tame.

If you look at a very long term chart of the comparison, it becomes obvious that there are periods where the price of gold in US dollars shoots up only to come back in line with the currency basket. Right now is one of those times.

As you can see, the price of gold in the currency basket has yet to breach the high it set earlier this year. This was something I pointed out when others were focusing on the breaking of the nagging $1000 resistance: Major Non-Confirmation in Gold.

Also, the purest equity proxy for gold, the Philadelphia Gold Bugs Index (HUI), has yet to surpass its highs from last spring (March 13th 2008 - 515). According to the k-ratio analysis of the gold sector, this suggests that gold is ‘overvalued’ relative to gold stocks.

Last week we looked at the breadth of the gold stocks which showed about 80% of them closing above their short term moving average. Here’s an updated chart:

While gold stocks managed to eke out another positive day, breadth slipped from almost 90% to below 80%. Usually, in the past, when breadth has been this stretched, and heading down, there is a good chance that a short term top has been already made.

Gold has the wind at its back right now. Not only has it cleared the challenging $1000 resistance level, it has support from lax monetary policy as central banks around the world clearly hold the health of their economy in higher priority than the health of their budgets or their currencies.

The recent purchase by the central bank of India is being interpreted widely as a vote of strong support for the precious metal. Although I don’t argue against a secular bull market, it is amusing to me that a decision to buy gold at above $1000 is deemed to be a ’smart’ move when just a year ago they could have made the same purchase for 30% less. The fact that almost any news is interpreted as positive for gold has more to do with the prevalent sentiment than with facts.

In any case, before we get to the short term sentiment for gold, here is the recent commentary from David Rosenberg of Gluskin Sheff on the monetary backdrop for a secular bull market in gold:

All India did was bring gold to a 6% share of its total FX reserves from 4%. Fifteen years ago, that representation was closer to 20%. China has increased its gold holdings by 76% over the past six years but they are a mere 1.9% of the aggregate 2.2 trillion of reserves and Russia’s gold holdings is just under 5%. This is not the 1990s when Bob Rubin was running a hard U.S. dollar policy, U.S. fiscal deficits were vanishing and gold production was on the rise. Today’s world is exactly the opposite. Policymakers beginning in the 1990s wanted disinflation and got it. Now they want inflation — it will take years, maybe a decade, but it will come. For the near-term, we are still optimistic on Treasury securities but be forewarned that this view has an expiry date that is earlier than the peak we are likely to see in gold.

It is very clear that central banks are behaving in a way that would suggest that gold is now again being considered a currency within the global monetary system. As we said before, it is all about relative scarcity and a well-defined supply curve — fiat currency at this juncture does not share that quality.

Turning to the breadth in the gold stock sector, you can see that we’ve seen a sudden and dramatic jump from a week ago. The chart below compares the percentage of gold stocks trading above their 10 day moving average with the Philadelphia Gold Bugs index (HUI):

If you’re interested in timing the gold market, then you would be concerned that 82% of gold stocks are trading above their short term moving average. But you would also be alarmed that just a few days ago, that number was below 10%. Historically, gold shares have a very tough time continuing to climb when faced with such short term headwinds.

Turning to sentiment in the gold sector, on Monday when we looked at the arguments that Paul Tudor Jones II presented for his case of a secular bull market in gold, we also digressed a little to check the Hulbert Gold Sentiment index. That sentiment measure was showing a majority in the bullish camp; which from a contrarian point of view means that gold probably will have difficulty in advancing in the short term.

In a similar vein, here is a chart, courtesy of Elliott Wave, which shows the price of gold with the Daily Sentiment Index (DSI). The most recent DSI is 91% which is just about where previous short term tops have been formed:

Similar to the breadth measure (shown earlier) the DSI increased to 91% in a sudden jump (an 8% point jump over a day). Accoding to Elliott Wave, which tracks the DSI, this was the single largest increase since March 19th 2009 (11% point jump from 75% to 86%) when gold made a two month high at $960. With Elliott Wave, not only do you get their analysis of various markets but they do a good job of monitoring DSI, which is a proprietary sentiment metric from trade-futures.com and by itself would costs about $2000/year.

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While we’re on the subject of seasonality and how September is the albatross around the stock market’s neck these days, I’d be remiss to not point out that what has been historically negative for equities has been a boon for gold and gold stocks.

Last year, I also pointed out the positive seasonality of gold in September (and the remaining months left in the year). But, as measured by the Philadelphia Gold Bugs Index (HUI) gold stocks didn’t follow their historical path and finished the month pretty much unchanged. However, in mid-September there was a rally that took the Gold Bugs index 35% higher within the month.

In any case, here is a chart of the monthly performance of gold for the past 5 and 15 years:

If you compare this chart with a longer duration seasonality chart you’ll notice that during this current super-bull market for gold (which started in 2000) seasonality has shifted slightly. For these most current years (red line) there are really two big waves of positive seasonality for gold and gold stocks. The first is about to start while the second comes after a correction in October and lasts from mid-October to February of the following year.

Here’s a chart of the Gold Bugs index with the past two September’s and this year’s marked by a green arrow:

I didn’t bother marking the obvious triangle pattern that has formed in the gold stocks index. Prices are getting coiled into a spring and will potentially break out. However, over-head resistance is just 100 points higher at 475-500 - where the Gold Bugs index hit a wall early last year.

Remember, seasonality, while having a powerful and undeniable influence, is a secondary driver of prices. It is more helpful to think of it as context for the actual analysis of trend.

As a corollary to yesterday’s deflation discussion, I thought I’d cover the consequence for gold and gold stocks. The relationship between gold and deflation is a contentious one so I don’t think it will ever be put to rest. In any case, I wanted to point out an interesting relationship which you’ll be hard pressed to find elsewhere.

Referring back to the chart in our previous discussion on the consequences of deflation you can see that we’ve had several periods of negative real interest rates. Naturally, these are when the inflation rate is higher than the nominal interest rate.

These periods coincide with great opportunities for buying gold and gold stocks. For example, in early to mid 1970’s and again in 2003. This doesn’t always hold true however. For example, the gold mini-bull of the mid 1980’s happened without a negative real interest rate environment.

In the 1970’s inflation was rampant and pushed real interest rates below zero. Until Volcker’s ‘take-no-prisoner’ style of monetary policy choked off inflation and brought real rates above zero. But of course, the situation in 2003 wasn’t that we had excess inflation but that nominal interest rates were being kept much lower than they should have been by the Federal Reserve (and we all know how that played out eventually).

Since deflation usually arrives at times of economic slack, one way to try to measure the relationship between the performance of gold and deflation is to look at how it did during recessions. Click the thumbnail to the left to take a look at a spreadsheet showing this data since 1945. The data is courtesy of EWI - they are also giving away a free 60 page eBook on Understanding Deflation which is chock full of similarly interesting tidbits.

The average performance of gold during recessions since 1945 is a miserly 4.8%. What about this most recent recession? We know the start of it but while many are prognosticating its end, we don’t have an official end date from the NBER. So let’s see how gold has done since December 2007:

That’s much better than the average but much lower than the outlier from the mid-1970’s. Still, it is not even enough to marginally move the average over the past 11 recessions. So according to this, holding an investment in gold during deflation is not usually a smart idea.

Trading gold and gold stocks however is still lucrative. One of my favorite indicators is the K-Ratio which is a ratio of gold stocks to gold itself. Here are two long term charts of the K-Ratio (using the Philadelphia Gold Bugs Index and the CBOE Gold Index to approximate gold stock prices):

Right now, the K-Ratio is trading mid-way and not really giving any signals. If it does fall again to previous lows, then we could have another set up for a ramp higher. Until then, I’m not too excited about gold.